INTRODUCTION:

Skin aging is the result of a continual deterioration process because of damage to cellular DNA and protein. The ageing process is classified into two distinct types i.e. “Sequential Skin Aging” and “Photo Aging”. Both types have distinct Clinical and Historical features. Sequential Skin Aging is the universal and predictable process characterized by physiological alteration in skin function. In the aging process keratinocytes are unable to form a functional stratum corneum and rate of formation of neutral lipids slows down, resulting in dry and pale skin with wrinkle. In contrast, Photo Aging is caused by over exposure to UV rays from sunlight.

It is characterized by dry, pale and sallow skin, displaying fine wrinkles as well as deep furrows caused by the disorganization of epidermal and dermal components associated with elastosis and heliodermatis. Herbs and plants have already proved useful as tool in complementary medicine.^1,2

Cosmetic products are used to protect against exogenous and endogenous harmful agents, and enhance the beauty and attractiveness of skin. The use of cosmetics not only developing an attractive external appearance, but towards achieving longevity of good health by reducing skin disorders. The synthetic or natural ingredients present in a skin care formulation that supports the health, texture, integrity of skin, moisturizing, maintaining the elasticity of skin by reduction of type I collagen, photo protection etc. This property of cosmetics is due to presence of ingredients in skin care formulations, because it helps to reduce the production of free radicals in the skin and manage the skin properties for a long time. The cosmetic products are the best choice to reduce skin disorders such as hyper-pigmentation, skin ageing, skin wrinkling, rough skin texture etc.

Cream formulation was semisolid formulations intended for topical application. The cream formulations were prepared by using various herbal extracts, herbal oils, and various excipients. There are two main types of cream formulation, such as oil in water (O/W) type of emulsion and water in oil (W/O) type of emulsion. The present formulation was oil in water (O/W) type of emulsion. The cream formulation was various other classes like foundation cream, cleansing cream, cold cream, pain-relieving cream, night and massage cream, head and body cream, vanishing cream and shaving cream.^2,3

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Leaves of Moringa oleifera, family Moringaceae and leaves of Ocimum sanctum family Labiatae were collected and washed with tap water and shade dried. Shade dried material was placed into a blender to be grounded into powder and stored in air tight container for further use. The powder was macerate used ethanol and water for ratio 70:30v/v. Filtered with muslin cloth and filtrate was allowed to centrifuge at 2000rpm at 25^◦C. The supernatant was collected and incorporated in the cream base formula Table (1). Carbopol 940, Xanthan Gum, Cetyl alcohol, Glycerol monostearate, Stearic acid, ethyl alcohol, methyl paraben, was purchased from Loba chemicals.^3,4,5

Method of preparation Polyherbal antiaging cream:⁶

In china dish Carbopol 980 and Xanthan gum was dissolved in water phase.

This liquid dispersion shows slightly sweeling.

Then add extract of Moringa oleifera and Ocimum sanctum in above liquid dispersion.

In another china dish melt oil phase Cetyl alcohol, Glycerol monostearate and Stearic acid by using heating mantle.

To this mixture (oil phase) above liquid dispersion

(water phase) was added.

Then methyl paraben was added.

Triturate all above ingredients for 30 min.

Finally poly herbal anti aging cream was formed.

CHARACTERZIATION

Phytochemical Evaluation in Hydroalcoholic extract: Various tests were performed, as mentioned in Table (2) to identify the phytoconstituents present in the products and their effect is shown on the body. Every plant exhibits certain phytochemical properties which show a number of beneficial effects.^4,7,10,14

Table (1): Composition of formulations of Polyherbal anti aging cream

Composition	F1% w/v	F2 % w/v	F3% w/v	F4 % w/v	F5 % w/v	F6 % w/v
Moringa oleifera	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Ocimum sanctum	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Carbopol 940	0.25	0.5	1	0.25	0.5	1
Xanthan Gum	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cetyl alcohol	1	1	1	1.5	1.5	1.5
Glycerol monostearate	1	1	1	1	1	1
Stearic acid	3	3.5	4	3	3.5	4
Methyl paraben	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21
Distilled Water	q.s	q.s	q.s	q.s	q.s	q.s

Table (2): Phytochemical screening of Moringa Oleifera leaves and Ocimum sanctum

S. No.

Test

Hydroalcoholic extract of

Moringa oleifera

Hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum

Alkaloids

A) Wagner’s Test:

B) Hager’s Test:

+Ve

-Ve

Glycosides

A) Legal’s Test:

+Ve

-Ve

Flavonoids

A) Lead acetate Test:

B) Alkaline Reagent Test:

+Ve

-Ve

Saponins

A) Froth Test:

+Ve

-Ve

Phenolics

A) Ferric Chloride Test:

+Ve

Proteins

A) Xanthoproteic Test:

+Ve

Carbohydrate

A) Fehling’s Test:

+Ve

Diterpenes

A) Copper acetate Test:

+Ve

-Ve

Tannins

A) Gelatin Test

-Ve

+Ve

Characterization of Formulated Polyherbal Antiaging Cream:^8,9,11

1. Visual appearance: The physical appearance of prepared formulation was evaluated for their state, color, odor and texture. All evaluations were reported in table (6).

2. pH: The pH meter was calibrated using standard buffer solution. About 0.5g of the cream was weighed and dissolved in 50.0ml of distilled water and its pH was measured by using pH meter and results were noted in table (6).

3. Homogenicity: The formulation was tested for the Homogeneity by visual appearance and by touch and results were noted in table (6).

4. Viscosity: The viscosity of the cream was determined by using Brookfield Viscometer LVDV. The viscosity of cream was measured at room temperature i.e. 25±2°C with varying rpm and torque and results were noted in table (6).

5. Extrudability: Extrudability became based totally upon the quantity of the cream extruded from collapsible tube on software of positive load. More the amount of cream extruded suggests better extrudability. It become determine by way of making use of the weight on cream stuffed collapsible tube and recorded the burden on which cream turned into extruded from tube and results were noted in table (6).

6. Spreadibility: Spreadibility of system is essential to provide sufficient dose to be take in from pores and skin to get properly healing response. An apparatus where in as lid fixed on wooded block and top slide has movable and one cease of movable slide tied with weight pan. The formulation of creams result was noted in table (6).

7. Washability: The removal of the cream applied on skin was done by washing under tap water with minimal force to remove the cream and results were noted in table (6).

8. Irritation test: Cream shows no redness, irritation, edema, inflammation during irritation studies. These formulations are safe to use for skin and results were noted in table (6).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

1. Antimicrobial activity of optimized batch F4 of cream^8,12,13

Table (3): Media preparation (broth and agar media):

Agar	1.5 gm
Extract of beef	0.3 gm
Peptone	0.5 gm
Sodium chloride	0.55 gm
Distilled water	100 ml
pH	7

The flask containing medium become cotton plugged and turned into placed in autoclave for sterilization at 15 lbs /inch² (121°C) for 15 min. After sterilization, the media in flask turned into immediately poured (20 ml/ plate) into sterile Petri dishes on aircraft surface. The poured plates had been left at room temperature to solidify and incubate at 37°C in a single day to test the sterility of plates. The plates had been dried at 50°C for half-hour earlier than use.

The microbial cultures used within the take a look at had been obtained in lyophilized shape. With the help aseptic techniques the lyophilized cultures are inoculated in sterile potato dextrose broth than incubated for 48 hours at 28°C. After incubation the increase is observed in the shape of turbidity. These broth cultures had been similarly inoculated on to the nutrient and potato dextrose agar plates with loop full of microbes and similarly incubated for subsequent 24 hours at 37°C to gain the pure way of life and stored as stocks which can be for use in addition research paintings.

The properly diffusion method changed into used to determine the antimicrobial activity of poly herbal antiaging cream organized from Moringa oleifera, and Ocimum sanctum using popular procedure. There were 2 concentration used that are 0.5 and 0.25 % poly herbal antiaging cream in antibiogram studies. Its essential feature is the setting of wells with the antibiotics at the surfaces of agar without delay after inoculation with the organism tested. Undiluted over night broth cultures need to in no way be used as an inoculums. The plates were incubated at 28°C for 48 hr. After which tested for clear zones of inhibition around the wells impregnated with particular attention of drug.

Table (4): Antimicrobial activity of standard and optimized polyherbal antiaging cream against S. aureus and E. coli

S. No.	Drug/ Formulation	*S. aureus*	*E. coli*
S. No.	Drug/ Formulation	Zone of inhibition (mm)
1.	Standard	13±0.47	13±0.47
2.	Cream 0.5%	10±0.47	11±0.47
3.	Cream 0.25%	8±0.47	7±0.47

Fig. (1): Antimicrobial activity of standard and optimized formulation polyherbal antiaging cream against S. aureus and E. coli

2. In-vitro drug release study:^8,15

In vitro release of the drug can be performed by diffusion flask method. Here egg membrane is used as a biological membrane. The franz diffusion mobile has receptor compartment with an effective extent about 60 ml and effective floor area of permeation 3.14 cm². The egg membrane is set up among the donor and the receptor compartment. A 2 cm² length patch taken and weighed then positioned one side of membrane dealing with donor compartment. The receptor medium is phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The receptor compartment is rounded by using water jacket with a view to preserve the temperature at 32 ±0.5°C. Heat is furnished using a thermostatic hot plate with a magnetic stirrer. The receptor fluid is stirred by means of teflon coated magnetic bead that's positioned within the diffusion cell. During every sampling programming language, samples are withdrawn and replaced with the add of same volumes of clean receptor fluid on each sampling. The samples withdrawn are analyzed spectrophotometrically at wavelength of 298nm.

Table (5): In-vitro drug release study of optimized batch (F4)

S. No.	Time (hrs)	Cumulative % drug release
1	0.5	16.65
2	1	35.56
3	1.5	45.65
4	2	55.89
5	2.5	68.78
6	3	73.32
7	3.5	82.23
8	4.0	98.78

Fig. (2): In-vitro drug release study of optimized batch (F4)

Table (6): Characterziation of (F4) Polyherbal Antiaging Cream

S. No.	Parameters	Observations
1.	State	Semisolid
2.	Color	White
3.	Texture	Smooth
4.	pH	7.0±0.2
5.	Homogenicity	Good
6.	Viscosity	35200±41 cp`
7.	Extrudability	135±4 g
8.	Spreadibility	10.23±0.32 (g.cm/sec)
9.	Washability	Easily and readily washable
10.	Irritation test	No harmful effects on skin and eyes
12	In vitro % drug release	98.78

Fig. (3): Polyherbal Antiaging Cream

CONCLUSION:

The main purpose behind this investigation was to develop polyherbal antiaging cream using extracts of Moringa oleifera, and Ocimum sanctum leaf was formulated based upon traditional knowledge and emphasis was to formulate a stable and functionally effective polyherbal antiaging cream by excluding all types of synthetic additives. As seen from the results, it is possible a natural herbal cream by using Moringa oleifera, and Ocimum sanctum leaf which has antimicrobial activity that is better approach with respect to various cream having synthetic chemicals as antimicrobial agents. The results showed that the formulation F4 of polyherbal antiaging cream contains all good characters of an ideal cream it was found to be harmless, more effective, ease to manufacturing and economical compared to synthetic antiaging cream.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

This research work was kindly supported by the Faculty of Pharmacy in Indore Institute of Pharmacy. The author would like to thanks Dr. Pankaj Dixit and all faculty members for sharing his valuable ideas and suggestions with me. Without his supports and positive critics it would have not been possible to do my project work successfully. I also thanks to all classmates for their support and encouragement during my stay over here.

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Received on 14.06.2021 Modified on 03.07.2021

Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2021; 11(4):284-288.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2021.00047